An Improved Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

In the stable election protocol, sensors are randomly deployed in the region without considering the balancing energy consumption of normal nodes and advanced nodes. If a normal node that has been selected as a cluster head is located far away from the base station, it will affect the efficiency of the network due to its early death. In this paper, an improved energy efficient routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks has been proposed. We have fixed the sized zone depending upon the distance from the base station and used a clustering technique for advanced nodes to transmit data. In addition, we adopt a dormancy mechanism for normal nodes and conserve energy by state transition. Simulation results depicted that the proposed protocol performed better than SEP, modified stable election protocol, and SEA (special energy advanced node) by reducing energy consumption and providing a longer stable period, a longer network lifetime and better throughput of data packets.